ILAR Journal Volume 37(3) Adjuvants and Antibody Production, Institutional Policies and Guidelines on Adjuvants and Antibody Production, 1995:

"Investigators and veterinary staff should observe animals for evidence of pain or distress, and for evidence of lesions such as swelling, abscess or fistula formation, and infection or ulceration at the immunization sites. CCAC Guidelines recommend that observations should be made at least 3 times weekly for a period of 4 weeks following immunization, or until all lesions have healed. An immunization clinical incidence form which includes the agent, route, site or sites, volume, date of injection and the body weight of the animal on the injection date may be helpful in maintaining careful data on individual animals. Veterinary follow-up, including clinical observations and palpations of the injected sites, and determination of the necessity for any supportive therapy is strongly recommended. All guidelines should instruct investigators to contact the veterinary staff if injection site lesions or evidence of pain or distress are identified in any animals. This will permit timely and appropriate assessment and institution of therapy when required. Supportive therapy may include topical cleansing, antibiotic administration, analgesic administration, or all three. Fluid replacement or nutritional supplements may also be required if the animals have sustained anorexia or decreased fluid intake.

"Although lesser in severity and frequency by comparison to Freund's adjuvant, inflammatory lesions can occasionally be observed following immunization with alternative adjuvants such as TiterMax® or Ribi® adjuvants. Inflammatory reactions, which include draining abscesses, have been observed 2-3 weeks following immunization with TiterMax® adjuvant (Check et al., 1990). These lesions generally persisted for approximately 1 week and then gradually subsided. It would therefore seem prudent to recommend similar post-injection observations for animals receiving alternative adjuvants."